A varicocele is a varicose enlargement of the pampiniform plexus, a network of veins within the spermatic cord. In 75 to 90 percent of cases, the varicocele occurs on the left side.
The chronic overheating of the testicle caused by a varicocele can lead to reduced sperm production and decreased sperm quality. A reduction in testicular volume may also result from a varicocele.
Diagnosing a varicocele is straightforward, and in most cases, surgical treatment is not necessary. However, if symptoms are present or in cases of infertility, surgical correction may be considered.
Symptoms
In most cases, a varicocele does not cause any symptoms. However, some individuals may experience a dull, aching pain in the groin. This discomfort may worsen while sitting, standing, or during physical activity. The pain typically increases throughout the day and is relieved quickly when lying down.
Over time, a varicocele may increase in size.
Causes
The exact cause remains unclear. However, a malfunction of the venous valves appears to be the underlying mechanism of varicocele formation.
Risk factors: A clear definition of specific risk factors is not yet possible. However, being overweight may play a role in the development of a varicocele.
Complications
Varicocele can lead to chronic overheating of the testicular tissue. This may have various consequences, such as:
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Testicular atrophy
The volume of the affected testicle may be significantly reduced compared to the opposite side. -
Infertility
The exact cause is not fully understood. However, a varicocele appears to impair sperm production and quality.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of a varicocele requires a detailed medical history, a physical examination of the testicles, and evaluation using ultrasound imaging.
Therapy
In most cases, an asymptomatic varicocele does not require treatment. Indications for surgery include chronic pain and infertility.
Surgical indications can only be determined after a thorough medical evaluation.
At our clinic, if surgery is indicated, a microsurgical varicocelectomy is performed using a high-resolution surgical microscope.